Junsu Gil1, Meehye Lee 1,2, Jihyun Han1,3, Joo-Ae Kim1, Saewung Kim4, Alex Guenther4, Hyunseok Kim5,6, Soyoung Kim7, Sanguk Lee8, Danbi Kim8 1 Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
2 Green School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
3 Korea Environment Institute, Sejong 30147, Korea
4 Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
5 Department of Forest Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
6 Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
7 Han River Basin Environmental Office, Gyeonggi-do 12902, Korea
8 National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Korea
Received:
November 28, 2017
Revised:
March 22, 2018
Accepted:
April 19, 2018
Download Citation:
||https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2017.11.0451
Cite this article:
Gil, J., Lee, M., Han, J., Kim, J.A., Kim, S., Guenther, A., Kim, H., Kim, S., Lee, S. and Kim, D. (2018). Peroxyacetyl Nitrate and Ozone Enhancement at Taehwa Research Forest under the Influence of Seoul Metropolitan Area.
Aerosol Air Qual. Res.
18: 2262-2273. https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2017.11.0451
HIGHLIGHTS
ABSTRACT
Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) is produced by photochemical oxidation reactions with abundant NOx and volatile organic compounds (VOCs); therefore, it is considered as a photochemical pollution indicator. In this study, PAN, O3, and their precursors were measured at three heights (5.4, 23, and 40.5 m) on a 41-m tower in Taehwa Research Forest (TRF) near the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA) from August 25 to September 9, 2011. The PAN was determined every 2 minutes using gas chromatography with luminol chemiluminescence detection (GC-LCD). All reactive gases were measured for 15 minutes at each height. The mean and maximum PAN concentrations were 0.3 and 3.1 ppbv, respectively. The mean and maximum O3 concentrations were 13.1 and 79.8 ppbv, respectively. The average NOx concentration was 6.57 ppbv. At the TRF, PAN and O3 concentrations were well correlated (r = 0.8) and greatly elevated when the air mass was affected by urban outflows from the SMA, which was clearly demonstrated by an increase in NO2. These high NO2 concentrations were observed along with a shift in wind direction at 17:00 (KST) and resulted in the maximum observed values of PAN and O3 in the present study. In addition, the concentration enhancement was more pronounced for PAN and at heights above the canopy. These results highlight PAN as a robust tracer indicating urban impacts at peri-urban forest sites.
Keywords:
Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN); Ozone (O3); Peri-urban forest; Taehwa Research Forest; Seoul Metropolitan Area.
