Yao Liu 1, Simon Martinet1, Cédric Louis1,2, Anaïs Pasquier1, Patrick Tassel1, Pascal Perret1

  • 1 Transport and Environment Laboratory, IFSTTAR, 69675 Bron, France
  • 2 French Environment and Energy Management Agency, ADEME, 49004 Angers, France

Received: February 17, 2017
Revised: July 19, 2017
Accepted: August 8, 2017
Download Citation: ||https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2017.02.0080  


Cite this article:
Liu, Y., Martinet, S., Louis, C., Pasquier, A., Tassel, P. and Perret, P. (2017). Emission Characterization of In-Use Diesel and Gasoline Euro 4 to Euro 6 Passenger Cars Tested on Chassis Dynamometer Bench and Emission Model Assessment. Aerosol Air Qual. Res. 17: 2289-2299. https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2017.02.0080


HIGHLIGHTS

  • Measured NOx emission exceeded 1.6–8 times comparing to the type-approval limits.
  • High NOx emission might increase secondary organic aerosol formation.
  • NOx shows the cause for urban air quality concern with increase of Euro 5–6 cars.
  • Measured emission levels are in good agreement with the COPCETE predictions .
  • A positive conclusion regarding impact of emission model on policy-making process.

 

ABSTRACT


This paper focuses on CO2 and regulated pollutants (NOx, HC, CO, PM) emitted by eight Euro 4–6 gasoline and diesel vehicles with six different technologies. The emission factors were repeatedly measured on a chassis dynamometer bench using Artemis Urban with cold and hot start, Road and Motorway, WLTC and NEDC driving conditions. The influence of driving conditions and approved driving cycles on pollutant emissions was also investigated. The measured emission factors for regulated compounds were compared to the corresponding emission factors of the COPCETE emission model developed by the French Ministry of Ecology. The results indicate that the NEDC cycle, used for type-approval of emissions of regulated compounds, leads to underestimation of CO2 (9–23%) and NOx (1.2 to 2 times) emissions and overestimation of CO and HC (2 to 5 times) in relation to the Artemis cycles, which are real-world simulation driving cycles. The WLTC cycle for the worldwide harmonization of vehicle emissions shows similar HC, NOx and CO emissions with the Artemis average cycle within uncertainty of the measurements. The NOx emissions measured were 1.6 to 8 times greater than the type-approval limits. These high NOx emissions produced by all the diesel vehicles tested under real-world driving conditions could serve as particle precursors and increase secondary organic aerosol formation. They are also indicative of the significant cause for concern regarding urban air quality and the increase in the portion of Euro 5 and 6 diesel vehicles in France's vehicle fleet. Regarding emission factor assessments, the emission levels measured are overall in fair agreement with the COPCETE predictions within uncertainties for CO2 and regulated pollutants. Updating the database is vital in order to be able to produce more representative emission factors and better evaluate the health and environmental effects from vehicle emissions.


Keywords: Diesel particulate filter; Regulated pollutant emission factors; Driving conditions; Propulsion engine; COPCETE emission model


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