Cite this article: Cheruiyot, N.K., Lee, W.J., Yan, P., Mwangi, J.K., Wang, L.C., Gao, X., Lin, N.H. and Chang-Chien, G.P. (2016). An Overview of PCDD/F Inventories and Emission Factors from Stationary and Mobile Sources: What We Know and What is Missing.
Aerosol Air Qual. Res.
16: 2965-2988. https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2016.10.0447
HIGHLIGHTS
Integrative and useful information for the PCDD/F emission are provided.
Also the feasible directions for both scientific research and environmental management.
Suggestions are offered on how to reduce the PCDD/F emission factors.
Also suggestions on how to improve representative of PCDD/F emission factors.
ABSTRACT
This overview attempts to outline what we currently know about the PCDD/F emission inventories and the source categories therein. Besides the best available control techniques, suggestions are offered on how to reduce the PCDD/F emission factors and emission quantity of some important PCDD/F emission sources. The PCDD/F combustion sources can be classified as either stationary or mobile or minimally/uncontrolled combustion sources. The major stationary sources of PCDD/Fs are metal production processes, waste incineration, heat and power plants, and fly ash treatment plant. Crematories, vehicles, residential boilers and stoves are of key concern due to their proximity to residential areas and their relatively lower lying stacks and exhaust gases, which may result in great impact to their surrounding environment.
Moreover, we offered our perspectives on how to improve the quality and representative of the PCDD/F emission factors to attain PCDD/F inventories which correspond more to reality. These points of view include: (1) PCDD/F contributions during start-up procedures of MSWIs should be considered, (2) the sampling times of stack flue gases for EAFs and secondary metal smelters should correspond to whole smelting process stages, (3) longer flue gas sampling time should be executed for power plants, (4) direct exhaust samplings from tailpipes for mobile sources, (5) development of an open burn testing facility that can reflect the real open burning conditions, and (6) long-term sampling techniques like AMESA are suggested to used exclusively for the most contributed PCDD/F stationary sources.
Keywords: PCDD/F inventory; Stationary sources; Mobile sources; Biomass burning; AMESA; Electric arc furnaces
Aerosol and Air Quality Research (AAQR) is an independently-run non-profit journal, promotes submissions of high-quality research, and strives to be one of the leading aerosol and air quality open-access journals in the world.
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