Spatial and Temporal Variability of the PM2.5/PM10 Ratio in Wuhan, Central China

ABSTRACT

Fine particles (PM_2.5) and coarse particles (PM_2.5–10) are generally produced by different sources, so the PM_2.5/PM₁₀ ratio reveals characteristics of particle pollution. The ratio can be used to characterize the underlying atmospheric processes and evaluate historical PM_2.5 pollution in absence of direct measurements. However, application of the ratio needs its varying pattern because PM concentrations change significantly at time and space. Hourly PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ observations at nine monitoring sites in urban area (Urban-sites) and one remote Background-site in Wuhan in 2013–2015 were collected to investigate both long-term, short-term temporal variation and spatial distribution, spatial disparity of the ratio at a city scale. The results show that annual average PM_2.5/PM₁₀ ratio is 0.62 at Urban-sites and 0.68 at Background-site with apparent seasonal, monthly and daily variations. The ratio reaches the maximum in winter because of stable atmospheric conditions. There are apparent night-day differences of daily variation of the ratio, which increases at night in all seasons in consequence of temperature inversion and declines in the daytime with a moderate rise in the afternoon. We find obvious spatial gradients of the ratio that gradually increases from urban core to urban fringe and to suburban. This study provides further insights to the spatio-temporal variability of PM_2.5/PM₁₀ ratio. The evidence indicates that the variability of PM_2.5/PM₁₀ should be noticed in its applications.