The Dependence of PM Size Distribution from Meteorology and Local-Regional Contributions, in Valencia (Spain) - A CWT Model Approach

ABSTRACT

This paper combines an analysis of hourly air pollution measurements and daily meteorological data with backward air mass trajectories, in order to elucidate local/regional sources and processes (e.g., atmospheric dispersion/stagnation, dust resuspension, etc.) defining PM levels and size distribution in Valencia (Spain). Four size fractions of PM (PM₁₀, PM_COARSE = PM₁₀–PM_2.5, PM_2.5 and PM₁) were independently studied. No chemical/physical interactions among the four different size categories were assumed. Wind dispersion of PM_2.5 and PM₁ was indicated, whereas atmospheric stagnation conditions triggered the accumulation of fine particles, mainly produced from local combustion. Wind blown dust enhanced PM_COARSE concentrations, particularly throughout warm periods when dry land facilitates dust resuspension. Hourly air mass trajectory points were analyzed by Concentration Weighted Trajectory (CWT) model and Potential Source Contribution Function (PSCF) on a 0.5° × 0.5° resolution grid. The outcome of CWT model and PSCF identified Iberian Peninsula, France, North-West Africa and the Mediterranean as potential exogenous PM source areas. Extreme events of all PM fractions were primarily associated with the prevalence of South-South West airflows, whereas Saharan dust PM_COARSE intrusions also emerged. The availability of hourly meteorological data and the analysis of the chemical species included in PM mass could further clarify the findings of this paper and remove uncertainties.