A Pilot Investigation of PM Indoor/Outdoor Mass Concentration and Chemical Analysis during a Period of Extensive Fireplace Use in Athens

Dikaia E. Saraga; Anastasia Makrogkika; Sotirios  Karavoltsos; Aikaterini Sakellari; Evangelia Diapouli; Konstantinos Eleftheriadis; Christos Vasilakos; Constantinos Helmis; Thomas Maggos

doi:10.4209/aaqr.2015.02.0100

A Pilot Investigation of PM Indoor/Outdoor Mass Concentration and Chemical Analysis during a Period of Extensive Fireplace Use in Athens

Special Session: CEMEPE4/SECOTOX

Dikaia E. Saraga¹, Anastasia Makrogkika², Sotirios Karavoltsos³, Aikaterini Sakellari³, Evangelia Diapouli¹, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis¹, Christos Vasilakos¹, Constantinos Helmis², Thomas Maggos ¹

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¹Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15310 Ag. Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece
²Department of Environmental Physics and Meteorology, Faculty of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus, building PHYS‐5, 15784 Athens, Greece
³Department of Chemistry, Section III, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus, 15784 Athens, Greece

Received: March 13, 2015
Revised: May 27, 2015
Accepted: July 10, 2015
Download Citation: ||https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2015.02.0100

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Cite this article:

Saraga, D.E., Makrogkika, A., Karavoltsos, S., Sakellari, A., Diapouli, E., Eleftheriadis, K., Vasilakos, C., Helmis, C. and Maggos, T. (2015). A Pilot Investigation of PM Indoor/Outdoor Mass Concentration and Chemical Analysis during a Period of Extensive Fireplace Use in Athens. Aerosol Air Qual. Res. 15: 2485-2495. https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2015.02.0100

HIGHLIGHTS

Massive fireplace use in an urban area considerably increases PM levels.
Domestic biomass burning influences substantially PM chemical composition.
Residential indoor levels are strongly affected by the aggravated outdoor air.
Indoor/outdoor ratio considerably exceeded unity in cases of indoor fireplace use.
Urban biomass burning studies during the economic crisis period are limited.

ABSTRACT

During the recent economic crisis in Greece, fireplaces and wood stoves have been extensively used for domestic heating even in densely populated cities like Athens. Throughout the last winter periods (especially winter 2012–2013), a persistent phenomenon of smoke haze covering many urban and suburban areas of the city was observed. In the framework of the present study, indoor and outdoor PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 measurements were conducted in an apartment in suburban Athens during December 2012–February 2013 for two periods. One period with minimal or no wood burning at fireplaces and another period with intense wood burning taking place in the area. The results highlighted the impact of biomass burning on PM mass concentration in the ambient atmosphere as well as the indoor air. OC/EC and K⁺/EC ratios for both (indoor and outdoor) particle fractions revealed their origin from biomass burning. The most abundant ions were SO₄^2– and NO₃^– followed by Ca²⁺, PO₄^3–, Na⁺ for indoor and outdoor particles with levels typical for this suburban area. Finally, Fe strongly dominated in both indoor and outdoor air while elemental enrichment factors highlighted the anthropogenic origin of trace elements. Indoor to outdoor concentration ratios, especially during the period of extensive fireplace use, showed that carbonaceous particles and some trace species (Cu, K⁺, Na⁺) were released in the indoor air.