Ultrafine Metal Concentration in Atmospheric Aerosols in Urban Gwangju, Korea

Received: November 30, 2008
Revised: November 30, 2008
Accepted: December 29, 2016
Download Citation: RIS|BibTeX|https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2008.09.0037  

Cite this article:
Park, K., Heo, Y. and Putra, H.E. (2008). Ultrafine Metal Concentration in Atmospheric Aerosols in Urban Gwangju, Korea. Aerosol Air Qual. Res. 8: 411-422. https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2008.09.0037

ABSTRACT

PM₁₀, PM₅, and ultrafine (< 0.132 μm) mass concentrations, and metals (As, Be, Ca, Cd, Fe, K, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, and Zn) in ultrafine particles were determined in urban Gwangju, Korea during the sampling periods of 4/2/2007-4/20/2007 in spring, 8/2/2007-9/12/2007 in summer, 11/19/2007-12/2/2007 in fall, and 1/16/2008-2/3/2008 in winter. Data showed that PM₁₀ mass concentration was the highest in spring due to the contribution of long-range transported and fugitive dust particles, whereas mass concentration of ultrafine particles had no seasonal variation and was not significantly affected by dust particles. Enrichment factor (EF) for each metal and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) among ultrafine metals were conducted to evaluate effects of anthropogenic and natural sources on ultrafine metals and to determine association among metals. We found that Fe, Ni, Zn, Sb, and K exhibited relatively higher fraction in ultrafine size and had higher EF values (i.e., anthropogenic). Results from wind-dependent metal concentrations suggested that Zn and Ni in ultrafine particles originated from metallurgical sources from a nearby industrial complex. We also found that during an Asian dust event, Ca concentration increased most significantly among ultrafine metals.

Keywords: Ultrafine particles; Metals; PM10; Asian Dust