Estimation of Air Pollutant Emission from Ship in Kaoshiung Harbor Area

Received: May 31, 2002
Revised: May 31, 2002
Accepted: May 31, 2002
Download Citation: RIS|BibTeX|https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2002.06.0004  

Cite this article:
Dong, C., Huang, K.L., Chen, C.W., Lee, C.W., Lin, H.Y. and Chen, C.F. (2002). Estimation of Air Pollutant Emission from Ship in Kaoshiung Harbor Area. Aerosol Air Qual. Res. 2: 31-40. https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2002.06.0004

ABSTRACT

Kaohsiung Harbor is adjacent of Kaohsiung City, a metropolis that has long suffered from air pollution. The annual releases of air pollutants such ad SO_x, NO_x, CO_x, PM, and HC from stationary and land-based mobile sources in Kaohsiung City have recently been thoroughly studied. However, emissions from vessels (another mobile source) have not been extensively investigated and understood. Evaluation ship emission in Kaohsiung’s harbor waters may be crucial to controlling air pollution in Kaohsiung city. This work, therefore, estimates the emission of air pollutants from in 1997 and evaluates their contributions to total emission in the city of Kaohsiung. Various approaches of estimation based on different databases and assumptions yielded different results. The emission of NO_x, PM, HC, and CO were 13786, 341, 713, 1684, ton/yr, respectively, from vessels in Kaohsiung’s harbor waters, as estimated by Ship Operation method/Cargo method. Emissions of SO_x and NO_x were 4055 and 9125 ton/yr, respectively according to Lloyd’s emission factor/fuel consumption approach and emission of SO_x and NO_x were 4837 and 5114 ton/yr, respectively, according to ship exhaust measurement/calculation. The contribution of SO_x and NO_x from shipping in the Kaohsiung city area were significant. Around 10~20% of NO_x and 10~12% of total SO_x emissions in Kaohsiung city were attributed to ships in the harbor waters of Kaohsiung.

Keywords: Ship emissions; Air quality; SOx; NOx